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DevSecOps Engineer Roadmap
Learn to embed security at every stage of the DevOps pipeline. Container scanning, SAST/DAST, secrets management, Kubernetes hardening, and compliance as code.
4–6 months
7 phases
FoundationIntermediateAdvancedExpert
Phase 1
Security Fundamentals for DevOps
The mindset before the tooling
Foundation2–3 weeks
What to learn
- OWASP Top 10 — web vulnerabilities every dev must know
- CIA triad: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
- Authentication vs Authorization
- Zero Trust principles
- Threat modelling basics (STRIDE)
- Common attack vectors: injection, XSS, SSRF
Key tools
OWASP ZAPBurp Suite (community)
Phase 2
Secure Code — SAST & SCA
Catch vulnerabilities before they ship
Foundation2–3 weeks
What to learn
- SAST — static analysis in CI pipelines
- SCA — software composition analysis (OSS deps)
- Secret scanning — catch leaked credentials
- Dependency vulnerability management
- License compliance scanning
- SARIF format and GitHub Security tab
Key tools
SemgrepSnykTrivyGitLeaksDependabotOWASP Dependency-Check
Phase 3
Container Security
Secure your images and runtime
Intermediate3–4 weeks
What to learn
- Dockerfile best practices — minimal, rootless images
- Image scanning: Trivy, Grype, Snyk Container
- Distroless and scratch base images
- Container runtime security (seccomp, AppArmor)
- Image signing and verification (Cosign, Notary)
- Private registry security (ECR, GHCR policies)
Key tools
TrivyCosignGrypeDocker ScoutSyft
Phase 4
Kubernetes Security Hardening
Lock down your cluster
Intermediate4–5 weeks
What to learn
- RBAC — least privilege for every service account
- Pod Security Admission (PSA) — restricted/baseline
- Network Policies — deny by default
- OPA Gatekeeper / Kyverno policy enforcement
- etcd encryption at rest
- Audit logging and alerting
- CIS Kubernetes Benchmark
Key tools
OPA GatekeeperKyvernoFalcokube-benchPolaris
Phase 5
Secrets Management
Never store secrets in code again
Intermediate2–3 weeks
What to learn
- HashiCorp Vault — dynamic secrets, PKI, leases
- AWS Secrets Manager and Parameter Store
- External Secrets Operator for Kubernetes
- OIDC-based keyless auth (no long-lived keys)
- Secret rotation strategies
- Vault agent sidecar injection
Key tools
HashiCorp VaultExternal Secrets OperatorAWS Secrets ManagerSealed Secrets
Phase 6
Runtime Security & Threat Detection
Detect attacks as they happen
Advanced3–4 weeks
What to learn
- Falco — runtime syscall monitoring
- Tetragon — eBPF-based security observability
- SIEM integration for container events
- Incident response for Kubernetes
- Forensics — preserving pod state after breach
- Security chaos engineering
Key tools
FalcoTetragonCiliumWizAqua Security
Phase 7
Compliance as Code
Automate audits and stay compliant
Advanced2–3 weeks
What to learn
- CIS Benchmarks for Linux, Docker, Kubernetes
- SOC 2 / ISO 27001 controls mapped to DevOps
- SBOM generation and management
- SLSA framework — software supply chain levels
- Policy as code with OPA / Sentinel
- Automated compliance reporting in CI
Key tools
OpenSCAPkube-benchCheckovTerrascanOSCAL
Interview Prep
DevOps Interview Prep Bundle — 1000+ Q&A
Every topic on this roadmap has interview questions in the bundle — Docker, Kubernetes, AWS, CI/CD, Linux, SRE, FinOps, System Design. Grab it before your next interview.